Summary

Evaluating synoptic conditions and the incidence of fog cases as well as number of days with fog across a large spatial spectrum such as atmospheric circulation and comparing results to local scale analyzes will help to accurately identify conditions conductive to formation of fogs on the territory of Poland. The aim of the study is to analyze the time of fog formation during the day, fog duration, and the extent of limitation of the horizontal visibility. Data coded in METAR (Meteorological Aerodrome Report) messages was
used to perform the analysis of synoptic from 8 stations located at the largest airports in Poland. In the analysis, the main criterion was the number of cases when horizontal visibility limited below 1 km – number of fogs. Results show that there is a clear, seasonal pattern of fog frequency for all stations in this study. For a majority of stations, the minimum number of fogs occurred during the summer months and the maximum number of fogs was observed in October and November. The probability of fogs in the cold half of the year, during the anticyclonic circulation, is slightly higher than during cyclonic circulation and is connected with meridional air advection. In the warm half of the year the probability of fogs during cyclonic circulation increases. Fog duration in most cases did not exceed 3 hours for all stations. At the stations analyzed, fog most often limits the horizontal visibility to 500 m, but there are seasonal differences in the frequency for separated ranges of horizontal visibility.

Keywords

fog, atmospheric circulation, horizontal visibility, frequency of fog

Quotation

Skomorowski A., Piotrowski P., 2018, The occurrence of fog at meteorological stations located on the airport in Poland in the years 2005-2015. Review of Geophysics, z. 4, 315-328

Summary

The objective of the study was to compare the sum of actual sunshine duration in Poland, based on satellite and ground-based measurements during the period of 1983-2015. Results from the first group of data were derived from sunshine duration measurements from 44 surface synoptic stations belonging to the Polish Institute of Meteorology and Water Management (IMGW-PIB). The second group of data includes values from observations of Meteosat geostationary satellites (SARAH-2 climate data record), provided by the EUMETSAT Satellite Application Facility on Climate Monitoring (CM SAF). The study showed that in Poland, values of linear correlation coefficients (r) between both datasets are high, and range between 0.80 and 0.95. Differences in daily sums of sunshine duration are low, with the prevalence of positive deviations, i.e. slightly higher values for satellite data. The largest positive deviations were found in Tarnów, Zielona Góra, and Racibórz (+0.3 h), with equivalent negative deviations in Warsaw and on Kasprowy Wierch (−0.4 h). Moreover, minor discrepancies were found for the long-term variability of the mean annual sums of actual sunshine duration. However, after 1995, the deviations were insignificant, and averaged 4 hours. Differences between both data series are caused by several factors, including an underestimation of aerosols optical depth (AOD), as well as the failure to consider the type of clouds
covering the Sun’s disc. With its high spatial resolution (0.05° × 0.05°), the satellite data can be a valuable source of information, particularly in regional studies of the spatial variation of sunshine duration.

Keywords

sunshine duration, satellite data, ground measurements, Meteosat, Poland

Quotation

Bartoszek K, 2018, Actual sunshine duration in Poland — comparison of satellite and ground-based measurements. Review of Geophysics, z. 4, 329-338

Summary

Seismic tomography is a technique widely used to image the Earth’s interior at various scales, from the very local subsurface to the whole Earth’s interior. Successful tomographic applications in seismology have opened the question of whether, or not, the method can also be helpful in assessing the safety of mining operations. Long-time efforts and accumulated evidence with tomography imaging carried out at the Rudna copper mine clearly indicate that this is really the case. Repeating imaging of velocity distributions reveals that the observed temporal changes provide information that is useful for improving the safety of mining processes. In this paper, we describe our experience of performing seismic passive velocity tomography at the Rudna copper ore mine in the south-western part of Poland. We consider only the last 10 years, when the geophysical unit of Rudna copper mine began using an advanced modern tomography software developed originally for this mine.

Keywords

inverse methods, induced seismicity, seismic tomography

Quotation

Dębski W., Cianciara A., Koziarz E., 2018, Passive seismic tomography at Rudna copper ore mine. Review of Geophysics, z. 4, 339-352

Summary

The article presents the construction of a regression model for the long-range forecast of tercile categories of the monthly mean temperature. Two methods from the group of the partial least squares (PLS) and sparse partial least squares (SPLS) methods were used. The selected methods combine the properties of principal component analysis (PCA) with features of multiple regression methods, and apply the creation of latent layers. These methods also have no restrictions related to the independence of predictors and no constraints on the model dimension. The predictors are percentiles (10%, 50% and 90%) for selected fields of the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis dataset. The model uses a time series of predictors for periods from 5 to 30 years. The obtained set of forecasts is subjected to the evaluation process based on indicators for the dependent period. This allows for the selection of a reliable ensemble of forecasts. The presented model was tested between January 2014 and December 2016.

Keywords

long range forecasts, regression model, partial least squares

Quotation

Konca-Kędzierska K., 2018, Application of partial regression methods to long range forecasts. Review of Geophysics, z. 4, 353-362

Summary

The 80th anniversary of the grand opening of the observatories at the Kasprowy Wierch and Pip Ivan peaks is a suitable occasion to present the results of the meteorological observations of these institutions. During the Second World War, the Pip
Ivan observatory was abandoned. This paper presents the meteorological conditions at the Pip Ivan station during in the period of October 1938 – July 1939. This is possible due to the original sheets of meteorological observations from the Pip Ivan observatory found in private collections. They were compared with the results of the meteorological observations from Kasprowy Wierch, acquired with the IMGW-PIB archive (for the period of February – July 1939).

Keywords

Carpathians, Pip Ivan, Kasprowy Wierch, observatory, climate, meteorology

Quotation

Skrynyk O., Rymarowicz L., 2018, Meteorological observations at Pip Ivan (Chornohora) and Kasprowy Wierch (Tatras) before the Second World War. Review of Geophysics, z. 4, 363-373

Streszczenie

Cytowanie

Teisseyre B., 2018, Wspomnienie o Wawrzyńcu Teisseyre w 80. rocznicę śmierci., z. 4, 375-382